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Croquefer, ou Le dernier des paladins : ウィキペディア英語版 | Croquefer, ou Le dernier des paladins
''Croquefer, ou Le dernier des paladins'' is a one-act opéra bouffe by Jacques Offenbach to a French libretto by Adolphe Jaime and Étienne Tréfeu, first performed in 1857.〔Lamb A. Jacques Offenbach. In: ''The New Grove Dictionary of Opera.'' Macmillan, London and New York, 1997.〕 ==Performance history== The successful premiere was at the Théâtre des Bouffes Parisiens, Rue Monsigny, Paris, on 12 February 1857, subsequently revived, and productions followed in Vienna (as ''Ritter Eisenfrass'') in 1864 and London (as ''The Last of the Paladins'') in 1868.〔Traubner, R. ''Operetta — a theatrical history.'' Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1983.〕 The authors defied the theatrical regulation forbidding more than four characters in a stage piece at the Bouffes Parisiens theatre by adding a fifth who had no tongue and could therefore only 'sing' grunts and barks in the 'quintet'.〔Harding J. ''Jacques Offenbach.'' John Calder, London, 1980.〕 In the Duo Offenbach mocks the Salle Le Peletier, home of the Paris Opéra, and quotes from operas by Meyerbeer, Donizetti and Halévy.〔Yon, Jean-Claude. ''Jacques Offenbach.'' Editions Gallimard, Paris, 2000.〕 ''Croquefer'' was revived by the Compagnie Les Brigands at the Théâtre de l'Athénée as part of a double-bill with ''L'île de Tulipatan'' in December 2012.〔(Le Figaro arts pages ) accessed 3 April 2013.〕 A complete performance of ''Croquefer'' forms part of the 1996 television film ''Offenbachs Geheimnis'', directed by István Szabó.〔(BFI database ), accessed 3 April 2013.〕
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